The Parisian club has now won the season-opening trophy on 14 separate occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a dramatic leveler followed by a perfect penalty shootout to overcome Marseille in the Gulf and capture a fourth straight Trophee des Champions victory.
The Champions League holders seemed to be sailing towards a comfortable win in the showdown featuring the French league champions and the French Cup winners after the French winger opened the scoring early on.
However, the southern French side struck two times in the closing moments to take a surprise advantage. First, the English forward scored from the spot-kick, before the defender inadvertently directed the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a remarkable twist of fortune, Goncalo Ramos snatched a crucial leveler in the dying moments to send the contest into a penalty shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then emerged as the hero, stopping decisive attempts from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Goncalo Ramos, the midfielder, Nuno Mendes, and the young talent all converted with composure for PSG to complete a convincing penalty win.
Now 14-time champions Paris Saint-Germain, who faced last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Marseille after completing a domestic double, have now won this competition for the 12th time in the last 13 seasons.